Ubuntu 20.04 设置静态IP

本文最后更新于：2024年5月7日下午

服务器环境需要有静态的 IP 用于SSH登陆，本文记录 ubuntu 系统下设置静态IP的方法。

解决方案

确定上网使用的网卡
修改 NetworkManager 配置文件内容

确定网卡

ifconfig 命令可以查看当前网络配置

$ ifconfig
enp1s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.4  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::7285:c2ff:fe80:45d8  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 2409:8a1e:8fc7:3bc0:7285:c2ff:fe80:45d8  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>
        ether 70:85:c2:80:45:d8  txqueuelen 1000  (以太网)
        RX packets 8721  bytes 6897773 (6.8 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 1047  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6367  bytes 1362777 (1.3 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (本地环回)
        RX packets 961  bytes 94772 (94.7 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 961  bytes 94772 (94.7 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

其中 enp1s0 为网卡的 logical name
或使用 sudo lshw -C network 命令

$ sudo lshw -C network 
  *-network                 
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
       vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       logical name: enp1s0
       version: 11
       serial: 70:85:c2:80:45:d8
       size: 1Gbit/s
       capacity: 1Gbit/s
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
       configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=5.11.0-40-generic duplex=full firmware=rtl8168g-2_0.0.1 02/06/13 ip=192.168.1.222 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=1Gbit/s
       resources: irq:22 ioport:e000(size=256) memory:91304000-91304fff memory:91300000-91303fff
  *-network DISABLED
       description: Ethernet interface
       physical id: 1
       logical name: virbr0-nic
       serial: 52:54:00:5a:47:3b
       size: 10Mbit/s
       capabilities: ethernet physical
       configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=tun driverversion=1.6 duplex=full link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=10Mbit/s

logical name 为网卡名

这里我的网卡为 enp1s0

方法一

修改 NetworkManager 配置

编辑/etc/netplan/**.yaml，不同电脑配置文件名不同，我的是01-network-manager-all.yaml
编辑文件并为 enp1s0 添加配置内容

# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    enp1s0:
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.222/24
      gateway4: 192.168.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [114.114.114.114]

意思是在以太网接口enp1s0下，添加ipv4地址192.168.1.222，网关192.168.1.1，dsn服务器114.114.114.114。dsn服务器是必须要填的，但是每一行的缩进不是严格要求的.

应用修改

1	`sudo netplan apply`

方法二

有时 netplan 文件夹下没有文件，可以采用如下方法

需要编辑2个文件
- /etc/network/interfaces（配置IP和网关）
- /etc/resolv.conf（配置DNS服务器）
修改 /etc/network/interfaces 文件

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto enp1s0
allow-hotplug enp1s0
# iface enp1s0 inet dhcp
iface enp1s0 inet static
address 192.168.1.111
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
broadcast 192.168.1.255

# This is an autoconfigured IPv6 interface
iface enp1s0 inet6 auto

其中

配置	含义
auto enp1s0	开机自动连接网络
iface enp1s0 inet static	设置静态IP
iface enp1s0 inet dhcp	dhcp 自动获取IP
address 192.168.1.111	静态 IPv4地址
netmask 255.255.255.0	子网掩码
gateway 192.168.1.1	网关
broadcast 192.168.1.255	广播地址（也可以不写）

配置 /etc/resolv.conf 文件，设置 dns

1 2	`nameserver 192.168.1.1 nameserver 114.114.114.114`

重启网络（debian 系统）

1	`service networking restart`

测试

$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 70:85:c2:80:45:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.222/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 2409:8a1e:8fc7:3bc0:7285:c2ff:fe80:45d8/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr 
       valid_lft 240888sec preferred_lft 154488sec
    inet6 fe80::7285:c2ff:fe80:45d8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever