错误 could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb" 解决方案

在使用 VS code 调试Linux远程代码时报错，could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb"，本文记录解决方案。

错误复现

• VS code 调试远程代码时报错、

This application failed to start because it could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb".
Available platform plugins are: linuxfb, minimal, offscreen, xcb.
Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.

错误分析

• 部署软件时，没有将Qt插件文件下的platforms中的libqxcb.so库部署上去
• 或者部署了部分Qt库，但是该库依赖的其他库丢失

总之就是Qt依赖的或间接依赖的库在系统路径下找不到了

调试方法

• 在系统变量中加入

export QT_DEBUG_PLUGINS=1

• 这样再次运行程序时会报出Qt 的错误信息

解决方案

• 查找到出问题的库
• 如果出问题的库不在，那就补足到系统LD_LIBRARY_PATH路径
• 如果库存在，找到那个库，运行命令：

ldd <库名称>

• 可以看到该库的依赖库出问题在哪里，继续迭代地解决依赖问题

解决问题（示例）

由于库特别多，可能我们出问题的库不尽相同，但是思路是类似的，我以我面临的问题为例记录解决方案

• 开启Qt debug后显示的错误信息

Got keys from plugin meta data ("xcb")
QFactoryLoader::QFactoryLoader() checking directory path "/root/anaconda3/bin/platforms" ...
Cannot load library /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.so: (libXi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)
QLibraryPrivate::loadPlugin failed on "/root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.so" : "Cannot load library /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.so: (libXi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)"

• 可以看到是 /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.so 依赖的 libXi.so.6 有问题
• 我们来到libqxcb.so 面前，查看他依赖库的情况：

:~/anaconda3/plugins/platforms# ldd libqxcb.so 
	linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcbc9aa000)
	libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 (0x00007fe8eac1c000)
	libQt5DBus.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libQt5DBus.so.5 (0x00007fe8eabbc000)
	libgthread-2.0.so.0 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libgthread-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fe8eabb7000)
	librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007fe8eaba5000)
	libglib-2.0.so.0 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fe8eaa70000)
	libfontconfig.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0x00007fe8eaa28000)
	libfreetype.so.6 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007fe8ea973000)
	libQt5Gui.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libQt5Gui.so.5 (0x00007fe8ea5a7000)
	libQt5Core.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libQt5Core.so.5 (0x00007fe8ea190000)
	libGL.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 (0x00007fe8ea108000)
	libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fe8ea0e5000)
	libX11-xcb.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11-xcb.so.1 (0x00007fe8ea0de000)
	libX11.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0x00007fe8e9fa1000)
	libXi.so.6 => not found
	libxcb.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007fe8e9f75000)
	libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fe8e9f6f000)
	libstdc++.so.6 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007fe8e9dfb000)
	libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fe8e9caa000)
	libgcc_s.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fe8e9c96000)
	libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fe8e9aa4000)
	libXi.so.6 => not found
	libdbus-1.so.3 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libdbus-1.so.3 (0x00007fe8e9a4f000)
	libpcre.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libpcre.so.1 (0x00007fe8e9a06000)
	libxml2.so.2 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libxml2.so.2 (0x00007fe8e989f000)
	libuuid.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libuuid.so.1 (0x00007fe8e969b000)
	libz.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libz.so.1 (0x00007fe8e967b000)
	libpng16.so.16 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libpng16.so.16 (0x00007fe8e9642000)
	libicui18n.so.58 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libicui18n.so.58 (0x00007fe8e93c1000)
	libicuuc.so.58 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libicuuc.so.58 (0x00007fe8e920e000)
	libicudata.so.58 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libicudata.so.58 (0x00007fe8e790c000)
	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fe8ead12000)
	libGLdispatch.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLdispatch.so.0 (0x00007fe8e7854000)
	libGLX.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX.so.0 (0x00007fe8e7820000)
	libXau.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0x00007fe8e7818000)
	liblzma.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/././liblzma.so.5 (0x00007fe8e77ef000)

• 可以看到 libXi.so.6 没有找到，他本质上指向 libXi.so.6.1.0
• 于是我从其他电脑上复制来了 libXi.so.6.1.0 放在了 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ 中，并建立软连接 libXi.so.6

:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu# ls -al libXi*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    14 Nov 11 17:29 libXi.so.6 -> libXi.so.6.1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002 63944 Nov 11 17:27 libXi.so.6.1.0

• 再次查看libqxcb.so 的依赖库

:~/anaconda3/plugins/platforms# ldd libqxcb.so 
	linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffdf59b6000)
	libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 (0x00007f1aeabc7000)
	libQt5DBus.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libQt5DBus.so.5 (0x00007f1aeab67000)
	libgthread-2.0.so.0 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libgthread-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f1aeab62000)
	librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f1aeab50000)
	libglib-2.0.so.0 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f1aeaa1b000)
	libfontconfig.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0x00007f1aea9d3000)
	libfreetype.so.6 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007f1aea91e000)
	libQt5Gui.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libQt5Gui.so.5 (0x00007f1aea552000)
	libQt5Core.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libQt5Core.so.5 (0x00007f1aea13b000)
	libGL.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 (0x00007f1aea0b3000)
	libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f1aea090000)
	libX11-xcb.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11-xcb.so.1 (0x00007f1aea089000)
	libX11.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0x00007f1ae9f4c000)
	libXi.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXi.so.6 (0x00007f1ae9d3c000)
	libxcb.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007f1ae9d10000)
	libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f1ae9d0a000)
	libstdc++.so.6 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f1ae9b96000)
	libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f1ae9a45000)
	libgcc_s.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f1ae9a31000)
	libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f1ae983f000)
	libdbus-1.so.3 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libdbus-1.so.3 (0x00007f1ae97ea000)
	libpcre.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f1ae97a3000)
	libxml2.so.2 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libxml2.so.2 (0x00007f1ae963a000)
	libuuid.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libuuid.so.1 (0x00007f1ae9436000)
	libz.so.1 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libz.so.1 (0x00007f1ae9416000)
	libpng16.so.16 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libpng16.so.16 (0x00007f1ae93dd000)
	libicui18n.so.58 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libicui18n.so.58 (0x00007f1ae915e000)
	libicuuc.so.58 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libicuuc.so.58 (0x00007f1ae8fa9000)
	libicudata.so.58 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/./libicudata.so.58 (0x00007f1ae76a7000)
	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f1aeacbd000)
	libGLdispatch.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLdispatch.so.0 (0x00007f1ae75ef000)
	libGLX.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX.so.0 (0x00007f1ae75bb000)
	libXext.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6 (0x00007f1ae75a6000)
	libXau.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0x00007f1ae759e000)
	liblzma.so.5 => /root/anaconda3/plugins/platforms/./../../lib/././liblzma.so.5 (0x00007f1ae7575000)

• 发现缺少的 libXi.so.6 不再是 not found 的状态了
• 运行程序，这部分已经不再报错了

参考资料

• https://blog.csdn.net/u010847928/article/details/91442388
• https://blog.csdn.net/danshiming/article/details/121162100

文章链接：
https://www.zywvvd.com/notes/system/linux/remote-linux-gui/qt-plat-xcb-err/qt-plat-xcb-err/